Origin of the Roman Satire Genre

Roman literature began as an imitation of the Greek literary forms, from the epic stories of Greek heroes and tragedy to the poem known as an epigram. It was only in a satire that the Romans could claim originality since the Greeks never split satire off into its own genre. Satire, as invented by the Romans, had a tendency from the beginning towards social criticism which we still associate with satire. But the defining characteristic of Roman satire was that it was a medley, as a modern revue. Menippean Satire The Romans produced two types of satire. Menippean satire was frequently a parody, blending prose and verse. The first use of this was the Syrian Cynic philosopher Menippus of Gadara (fl. 290 B.C.). Varro (116-27 B.C.) brought it into Latin. The Apocolocyntosis (Pumpkinification of Claudius), attributed to Seneca, a parody of the deification of the drooling emperor, is the only extant Menippean satire. We also have large segments of the Epicurean satire/novel, Satyricon, by Petronius. Verse Satire The other and more important type of satire was the verse satire. Satire unqualified by Menippean usually refers to the verse satire. It was written in dactylic hexameter meter, like epics. Its stately meter partly accounts for its relatively high place in the hierarchy of poetry quoted at the beginning. Founder of the Genre of Satire Although there were earlier Latin writers instrumental in developing the genre of satire, the official founder of this Roman genre is Lucilius, of whom we have only fragments. Horace, Persius, and Juvenal followed, leaving us many complete satires about the life, vice, and moral decay they saw around them. Antecedents of Satire Attacking the foolish, a component of ancient or modern satire, is found in Athenian Old Comedy whose sole extant representative is Aristophanes. The Romans borrowed from him and other than extant Greek writers of comedy, Cratinus, and Eupolus, according to Horace. The Latin satirists also borrowed attention-grabbing techniques from Cynic and Skeptic preachers whose extemporaneous sermons, called diatribes, could be embellished with anecdotes, character sketches, fables, obscene jokes, parodies of serious poetry, and other elements also found in Roman satire.

The Modern Language Association s Guidelines - 1634 Words

Atomic Bomb Research Paper Following the Modern Language Association s Guidelines Hamza Abidi South Brunswick High School Throughout World War II, problems that were faced by each country revolved around the idea of making the right decision. To attempt at making the right decisions, treaties were made between two or more countries that listed certain terms and conditions. However, when these treaties were violated, it made the situations between countries even worse than they already were. Almost every country in the world was involved in World War II, which displayed that the world powers contributed to the impact of the other countries with their decisions. The same choices deciding to help free countries from the†¦show more content†¦The Japanese were in complete and utter shock after the bombing in Hiroshima. It showed the strength and power of the United States in their efforts to end the war and it went perfectly. The way the bomb instilled fear into the Japanese and forced them to surrender was successfully executed in the endeavor that ceased the brutal warfare. Additionally, the Japanese people were affected greatly by the bomb in great numbers of casualties. Historians depicting the bombing see these casualties as a prime reason to surrender, however in Professor Tsuyoshi Hasegawa’s article he diminishes this argument. Even though the number of casualties were very large, â€Å"the number of victims and profound damage that the atomic bombs inflicted on the citizens of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which the American policymakers had hoped would have a decisive influence on the Japanese government, were not among the top considerations of the Japanese ruling elite†(Hasegawa). The United States believed that the extermination of millions of Japanese people would affect them in their decision to back out of the war. However, the exact opposite of what America thought would happen unfolded. This meant that there must have been another reason why they surrendered and forces historians to infer that the bombs caused other issues such as a crippling economy. In short, the overall effect of the atomic bomb was the same but it still did not explain to the public whether or not

Consumer Pressure for Corporate Accountability †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Pressure for Corporate Accountability. Answer: Introduction In this report, the details about the two companies along with their industries and countries of operation are described. Moreover, social performance issues of these two companies are also illustrated in this business report. The differences of these companies based on the range of social, environmental and economic issues is also highlighted in terms of style, content and presentation of the social reports, strengths and weaknesses of the approaches the report is presented and range of issues that in the report is also focused. Furthermore, the differences between these companies are also described followed by assessment of the quality of social accounting approach according to Zadek et al.s (1997) criteria. In addition to that, the mission statement, values, business principles of these two industries are critically analyzed by aligning the approaches to social responsibility and sustainability. Lastly, a group reflection about the social reporting of the two companies is provided that identifies the key points of agreement and disagreement with other group member. Nike was established in the year 1964 headquartered in The United States. Alike their actual business objectives, Nike in Australia, also liable for design, development, manufacturing, and worldwide marketing of the sports footwear. In the year 2016, the total revenue of Nike Australia Pty Ltd was $463,398,000 (Nike, 2017). They have employed 379 employees in Australia and ranked number 801 out of the top 2000 companies in Australia (Nike, 2017). On the other hand, Samsung was found in 1938 with the purpose of delivering premium quality technology through their digital devices. Samsung Electronics Australia Pty Ltd has attained the total revenue of $2,495,303,000 inclusive of other revenues (Samsung, 2017). The concerned organization had 332 employees in Australia and ranked number 147 out of the top 2000 companies in Australia (Samsung, 2017). It can be said that both the industry are leading in their own industry and both companies are serving in more than 100 countries across the world. Samsung has around 30 subsidiaries; while Nike has only 8 subsidiaries (Iannuzzi, 2017). These two leading companies follow corporate social responsibility and publish them to represent their efficiency of their business. These companies have taken all possible steps to perform their business procedure in such a way that all the environmental and business ethics can be maintained. Considering their selection of the raw materials to the business procedures through which the raw materials are processed to the final products are done in such a way that planet earth or any mankind does not get affected. Comparing Nike and Samsung based on range of social, environmental and economic issues The sustainability report of Nike and Samsung represent their business activity that follows all the business ethics. Moreover, in case of both the companies use their principles for highlighting their commitments towards effective corporate social responsibility. However, comparing these two companies seems to be unfair as they have different business operation but they are proceeding with the same aim that is to les affect the planet earth. Nike in their sustainability report mentions that they have addressed climate-related issues through the concept of low-carbon growth economy. Nike in their also mentions that they have reduced absolute CO2e emissions. The below is the chart given in the Nikes report stating that if they will a mind-set of "business-as-usual, the rate of emission could increase. Nikes report also highlighted their initiative for setting a vision for a low-carbon, closed-loop future, where small amount of resource are used to formulate new products and recycle those product for emitting less carbon in the environment. Explaining Differences: Nike and Samsung Nike and Samsung both are leaders in their market. Nike is related to the manufacturing of the sports accessories like footwear and apparels; while, Samsung is liable for the formulation of the electronic gadgets. Managing sustainability is more important for Samsung compared to Nike as the former organization is liable for manufacturing electronic goods that should emit less heat that is the major reason of global warming. However, Nike should also control their waste management system. In the Nikes report it is only stated that they have taken appropriate steps for defining their water efficiency, carbon emissions and details about sourcing, products and waste. The report also highlighted the negative aspect that is during this period there was 20% lack of estimated goals and the reason is inbound logistics challenges. Rating the sustainable methods for the production of the Nikes apparels and footwear in gold, silver and bronze, 86% of Nikes contract factories are rated bronze, 98% of the footwear scored silver and more than 80% of the new apparel scored bronze on their product sustainability indices (Nike, 2017). The Nike Inc. value chain footprint for the year 2015 represents the environmental impact at each value chain stage: Comparing the sustainability report of Samsung, the report first show their sustainability framework that clearly mentioned they adhere both economic as well as social value. Samsung has faced many issues due to which they have taken the initiative for recognizing risks and opportunities of sustainability management, aligning the social responsibility issue with their business aims and objectives. Samsung represents the data that they not only value the sustainability of the business approach but also develop strategies for the development of the mankind for enhancing the CSR activities. These activities are- gender equality and women empowerment, reducing inequalities among countries, protecting ecosystem, and reserving biodiversity and revitalize global partnership for sustainable development. Another important aspects of the Samsungs sustainability report that it contains much information that should be present in the annual report like- organizational structure, roles of every de partment, details about new products and related sales from those products. However, in sustainability report for the year 2017, these value are highlighted in the starting few pages of the report. Thus, it can be said that they overcome their past issue of mentioning irreverent discussion in their sustainability report. Quality of Reporting: Social Accounting based on Zadek et al.s (1997) criteria at Nike and Samsung There are eight principles of quality under Zadek et al.s (1997) criteria that is described in this section for Nike and Samsung. These eight principles are inclusivity, comparability, completeness, evolution, management policies and system, disclosure, external verification and continuous improvement. The major aim of this concept is to evaluate whether or not a company is auditing and reporting appropriately along with the proper identification of business pressure and controversies, stakeholder risk and transparency in the business procedures. In context of inclusivity, Samsung identifies the set of stakeholders that are liable to implement the sustainable approach in their business procedures. Details about Board of Directors (BOD) composition along with BOD Qualifications and operations are defined in the report. Risk management in case of protecting the business approach is also identified. On the other hand, Nike only focuses on the sustainable innovation approaches and not on the people, who are responsible to implement the same. In terms of comparability, it can be said that Nikes sustainability report is better than Samsung as the data is only discussed on sustainable approaches and not on other business process like organizational structure and details of innovative products. However, information about sustainable business approaches is clearly mentioned in the report. Moreover, in context of the evolution, Nike identifies low-carbon growth economy and set their aim and values to enhance the technology and the manufacturing process. They have also report their achievements on role of workforce, role of technology and strategic partnership. On the other hand Samsung defines their key stakeholders, risk councilors, materiality analysis that furthermore refers to the material issue facing by the organization. In terms of management policies and system, Samsung include human rights policies in cooperation with BSR (Business for Social Responsibility), labor practices and human rights, workplace health and safety policies, privacy and data security policies, waste and hazardous materials management policies, water and wastewater management and green product policy. On the other hand, Nike has identified carbon and energy performance policies, tax policies, intellectual property policies and climate and energy policies. Additionally, in aspect of disclosure, Nike provides details of their performance and disclosure statement and committee. The details are mostly related to their sustainable activity; whereas, Samsung, focused more on disclosing financial data compared to disclosure of challenges related to the business ethics. Both the organization provides general standard disclosures from the GRI sustainability reporting guidelines. Nike whereas focuses only on major points and numerical data, Samsung present descriptive discussion that is hard for reader to follow. On the other hand, if external verification is considered, the data seemed to be less verified. In case of Samsung, the comparison is present that the total carbon emission is reduced by 49% in the year 2016 compared to 2008. In this case, the serial breakdown for every years usage of carbon emission is not given. Nike has represented every statistical data related to the sustainability approaches along with the CSR activities like including diverse workforce. This help viewers to understand the context of the report effectively. In comparison with Nike, Samsungs sustainability repots lacks all these graphical representation and the company additionally undertakes CSR activity. Lastly, in terms of continuous improvement, both companies have acknowledged long lasting commitment with sustainable business practices. Nike and Samsung Company Values The core strategic aim for Nike is minimizing the environmental footprint, transforming manufacturing and unleashing human potential. Nike also define target for all these three business core values. Nike targeted their products, selection of material, carbon and energy, water and waste management for minimizing the environmental footprint. Target for manufacturing transformation are manufacturing process and labor; while, target for unleashing of human potential are employees and community impact. Nike also aims to increase the sustainability performance to 81% by 2020 compared to 28% that was in the year 2015 (Nike, 2017). The Samsung in terms of their green management has the vision of creating sustainable future by providing a green experience. Moreover, the concerned organization also aims to innovate green products and technologies that consume less power for activation. Aims and objectives are also formulated for customer value enhancement, business transparency, eco-friendly and safe workplace, supply chain and corporate citizenship. We have the group meeting for three days to identify which organization between Nike and Samsung is more sustainable. In the first day, our main topic of discussion is the carbon emission and footprint. The discussion highlighted the fact that Nike throughout the report represents the statistical data to show that they are continuously improving in reducing the carbon footprint for a sustainable earth. On the other hand, Samsung only shows that they have carbon labeling certification and achieved many awards but do not present any statistics so that their improvements can be measured. In the second meeting, we are focusing on the disclosure of the data and found that Nike in this aspect also get maximum preference than Samsung. Nike disclosed all their approach along with their aims and commitment to business ethics. Moreover, Nike also discloses their safety aspect in the workplace and Standard Disclosures from the GRI Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. On the other hand, Samsung only use descriptive methods and there is less number of statistical data available. They have focused more on the financial gains and products that they newly innovate. Thus in this case also Nike gets more preferences form the group member. The third meeting is done concerning the attractive things that the members found in both of the sustainability report. One of the team members likes the graphical interpretation of the sustainability factors as it is easy to understand their approach towards saving the earth. Another member highlights the aim, objectives, future plans for sustainable movements related with their products. On the other hand, one member illustrate the preference towards Samsung by stating that they have huge CSR program and they have represented the Eco-Design Process that shows their initiative for saving energy and carbon emission. However, at last, all the members of the team agreed on the fact that electronic products somehow contributes in global warming even if recycling process is conducted but Nikes business process is related to water, raw fabrics and shoe material, where there is no participation of carbon emission. Thus, the group discussion also stated that though Samsung has a huge target market than Nike, the later organization is more sustainable than Samsung. Conclusion This assessment is regarding the comparison of the sustainability report of two different companies. Nike and Samsung are the two organizations that are taken into consideration. In case of Samsung, lack of clarity around the information regarding sustainability approaches is witnessed but the details of CSR activity are clearly defined. In case of Nike, the entire report is focused on the sustainability approaches and it has been shown pictorially that help first time viewers to better understand their achievements. Problem related to the business process is also mentioned along with their measures to overcome it. Details concerning stakeholder management, roles and responsibility are also mentioned in both the reports. Reference List Dauvergne, P. Lister, J. (2013). Eco-business: A big-brand takeover of sustainability. MIT Press. De Brucker, K., Macharis, C., Verbeke, A. (2013). Multi-criteria analysis and the resolution of sustainable development dilemmas: A stakeholder management approach. European journal of operational research, 224(1), 122-131. Henderson, R., Gulati, R. and Tushman, M. eds., 2015. Leading sustainable change: An organizational perspective. OUP Oxford. Holloway, J. (2016). What stakeholder management should learn from sales and marketing. Further Advances in Project Management: Guided Exploration in Unfamiliar Landscapes, 236. Iannuzzi, A. (2017). Greener products: The making and marketing of sustainable brands. CRC Press. Kashmanian, R. M., Moore, J. R. (2014). Building greater sustainability in supply chains. Environmental Quality Management, 23(4), 13-37. Lee, K.H. Vachon, S. (2016). Business Value and Sustainability. Palgrave Macmillan UK. Lee, K.H. Vachon, S. (2016). Integrated Supply Network and Business Sustainability. In Business Value and Sustainability (pp. 59-93). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Muller, A. (2014). Corporate social responsibility. Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Nike. (2017). Sustainable Innovation. [online] Available at: https://about.nike.com/pages/sustainable-innovation [Accessed 31 Aug. 2017]. Samsung. (2017). SAMSUNG. [online] Available at: https://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/sustainability/sustainabilityreports/ [Accessed 31 Aug. 2017]. Samuelson, P. A., Anderson, H. C. (2014). corporate social responsibility. Morality and the Market (Routledge Revivals): Consumer Pressure for Corporate Accountability, 43. Steenkamp, J. B. (2017). Corporate Social Responsibility. In Global Brand Strategy (pp. 209-238). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Suliman, A. M., Al-Khatib, H. T., Thomas, S. E. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility. Corporate Social Performance: Reflecting on the Past and Investing in the Future, 15. Tai, F. M., Chuang, S. H. (2014). Corporate social responsibility. Ibusiness, 6(03), 117. Ziegler, J. Gerhartz, S. (2016). Sustainable Supply Chains-How do companies integrate sustainability into their supply chains?.

Introduction to Data Science Cookies Ltd Bakery

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Data Sciencefor Cookies Ltd Bakery. Answer: Introduction Cookies Ltd bakery has been selling its whole range of enticing cookies since years. The sales all around have been productive and now it is time to grow digitally. The company runs its business through local transaction management system. With the advent of technology now one can present themselves and their product anywhere and anytime. The report comprise of the two prior requirements of the company that is being Consumer-centric and Data-driven. It will focus and highlight the technologies that will help the company to expand and achieve high sales and productivity maintaining the quality. This report has been divided into three parts Storage and data collection system Data in Action Business continuity plan during IT disaster The age of digitization has taken the business to great heights. Each and every company whether executing business online or not, today requires an online presence. This presence allows holding on to consumers and enlarge mass of potential customers. Being online helps one to showcase their products and thus making it easier for the company to become a brand. This also provides a gateway for the customer to be connected with their favorite product or brand by rating and reviewing the product. This kind of medium influences a large mass with varied customer of diversified demography. Along with that new and trending Information and Communication technologies should not be forgotten. Today we have many such systems to help the business flow fast and accurate. Cookies Limited likewise requires a strategic plan to keep a track of customers needs, demands and feedback in accordance with the data collected from the customer itself. Following strategies and business model can be implemented to achieve the desired outcomes. Data Collection Storage System Data can be defined as any set of information or facts gathered from different channels of sources for analysis or referencing (Stanton 2013). Data collection is a way of collecting or gathering facts on some targeted variables done in a systematic fashion. These data need to be analyzed, managed, calculated and keep a track of it (Stanton 2013). Tracking the data let the company plan and manages future models for the growth of the company (Shmueli, Patel and Bruce 2016). Data collection basically is done to secure the evidence and then analyze it later to answer those questions that have been raised. Cookies Limited requires maintaining the data related to its inventory, transactions, sales and product details. Inventory Data for all the raw products purchased needs to be stored so to keep a track on the investments and the budget. Transaction It will include all the monetary deals taking place related to buying of raw products, selling of the products made, investments on buying new and more advanced machineries, packaging and payments made to the employees. Sales Under this only the data related to pure sales of the company is maintained. The productivity and the gain incurred in the sales in a particular time. These data capture evidence and calculate the growth of the company in the recent past. Product Details This will consist of all information related to the products being served by the company along with their extent of sale. It will help in re-designing the product list in accordance to the present demand. Storage System A storage system can be mentioned as a system which stores, updates and allow user to access data to resent or calculate any issue. The storage of these data is very important for the company which would be advantageous if all is stored at one single place. This can resolve many issues of storing, accessing and managing data. This process can be accomplished with help of a proficient database system. A Database system will allow the managing authorities to conveniently store and update their data collection (Coronel and Morris 2016). To implement, this will require appointing a Database Administrator who will manage the entire task related to it. This system comes for free (Oracle database) and does not require any nominal charges. Alongside this also provides the facility of cloud computing which allows authorities to access manage and alter data anywhere, anytime through any devices (Grasselt 2016). Carrying out these implementations will lower the investment budget, increase the productivity, make computing faster and help the Cookies Limited to prosper (Bester et al. 2016). Data in Action Consumer-centric product design determines the marketing and sales of a specific label, bracket or the monetary portfolio of products. Such design provides liberty to the company to target appropriate consumer to enhance the profits. Furthermore, it assists company in determining suitable strategies for acquisition of suitable customers by understanding customer demand and service based requirements. Besides this, it helps in long-term value additions by differentiating a product from the race and decrement in the production time to maximize profit. Production and marketing of such produce must be customer oriented and is be induced by appropriate statistics on the requirement by the customer (Chang 2016). Customer centric business requires consumer pivot direction, cognizance of the target consumer, detailed analysis on the existing and future relationship, strengthening the front line, increased profits, and appropriate feedback to key stakeholders. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software can prove to be a best implementation to get the business customer centric. To elaborate we can say, it is software which works on enormous amount of data where it solely uses it artificial intelligence to list down or separate the needs and requirements of different people differently. This sets appropriate policies, procedures and guidelines for synergy between the producers and consumers, and amplification in overall experience of customer (Khodkarami and Chan 2014). It gives the company and its people a 360 view of every customer and then allows to use these data to heighten the experience of the customer. This can push the business to a different level. It can help Cookies limited in the following ways: Providing a Complete View CRM software works as a perfect tool which functions smartly to identify the customers need and the history of the positive customer. It is like a survey made internally for a better understanding of the customer interaction. Here one can reference to the last customer interactions. This works much faster and in a smooth manner. Marketing Automation This is another highlighting feature which makes the CRM efficient in providing customer centric business. It provides all from email designing to automation. It sends registered user or customers electronically generated mails with new and upcoming products feedback forms and other such details to make customer relationship better. In this way business can be empowered in more lot sense. Sales Pipeline It is one of the general advantages of the CRM software to track and identify the sales pipeline. Visibility of the sales pipeline is very essential as it allow to insight in forecasting in an enhanced way. Once the precept about insights are clear on can have a far more beneficial conversation or rather interaction with the prospects. Intelligent Recommendation System Recommendation system is an extension of information filtering system which works more deeply with the allied properties of an artificial intelligence. It determines the proclivity and ranking the customer must provide as a feedback to the service or product provided (Robillard et al. 2014). In general it provides a company with likes or dislikes of customers and works as a filtering system. It automatically learns from the customers previous behaviors and action, thus forming a list of recommendation for their next interactions. Based on filtering type recommendation system are of two kinds: Content Based: Such technique compares content to consumer attributes. Comparison is done on the basis of detailed prognosis on the existing information on consumer demand and sales (Adomavicius and Tuzhilin 2015). Furthermore, it does not undertake consumer perspective for the decision making. Collaborative Filtering: It is a primary technique which advocates products after the detailed analysis on the need and requirement of the consumer. Furthermore, it uses consumer perspective for the decision making (Hedge and Shetty 2015). On the basis of the ratings and reviews provided the collaborative filtering generates recommendation any of the three below given ways: Item-based: recommendations that are categorized in consonance with similar items. User-based: Users having familiar characteristics and interests are used to derive the recommendations. Slope-one: This is a fast method which uses previous rating of the items to create a recommendation lists. Business Continuity Plan Business Continuity undertakes procedural designing and composition that allows an organization to continue operations in power outage and other disasters. The three core dimensions of business continuity are resilience, recovery and contingency (Cook 2015). Disasters must never affect functioning and framework of the business (Snedaker 2013). Further, a business must immediately recover from the critical situation and must be willingly available to front an unfavorable condition. Continual survival of online business can be implemented with the help of Information Technology Disaster Recovery Plan. This provides an organized approach to unwanted and unfavorable threats to hardware, web, software and system (Whitman, Mattord and Green 2013). Undertaking business impact analysis (BIA): This provides insights on information technology systems and constituents in order to locate and prioritize critical areas. The system which the company installs will keep them ahead with planning as the data analysis will be provided to them and they can plan their impact and solutions beforehand. Genesis of preventive measures: This determines different measures to be taken to decrease or overcome the detrimental effects. Data backup creation can be a major step to fail the effect of power outage or disaster (Whitman, Mattord and Green 2013). Here vendor supported recovery strategy will efficiently help the company to be ready for any disaster as the data has been backed up on someplace else thus saving the data from any kind of mishap. Evaluation and modification of restoring methods: This step provides analysis on strategies required for recovery after the disaster. Formation of Information technology emergency plan: Although if company lands up also in any trouble these steps provide policies, procedures and strategies for restoration after a power outage or other disaster (Cook 2015). Hence Cookies Limited requires framing on certain reconstruction plans and policies which will help it in disaster recovery. Experimentation, tutelage and implementation of procedures: This step determines the loopholes in the existing plan and also provides further training required for the efficacious activation. Continuance of new plan: This step provides an updated plan with fewer loopholes to enhance the efficiency of the business (Cook 2015). Conclusion Conclusively, Cookies limited will flourish greatly in future with digitization. The company can go with present technologies and advancement familiar today. This will allow the company to be present in front of mass without any extra advertising. It is also true the brand or a company gain more popularity among masses if it is user centric that is a user or a customer can freely share a feedback and send responses in likings of their flavor, taste and services. The company on choosing the above mentioned appropriate methods and techniques like recommendation system, database system or customer relationship management system will brinng the company in race with todays growing companies. References Adomavicius, G. and Tuzhilin, A., 2015. Context-aware recommender systems. InRecommender systems handbook(pp. 191-226). Springer US. Bester, K., Chandler, A.T., Shewell, M.A. and Yates, S.J., International Business Machines Corporation, 2016.Grouping data in a database. U.S. Patent 9,495,441. Bogers, M., Hadar, R. and Bilberg, A., 2016. Additive manufacturing for consumer-centric business models: Implications for supply chains in consumer goods manufacturing.Technological forecasting and social change,102, pp.225-239. Chang, J.F., 2016.Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Choi, K. and Suh, Y., 2013. A new similarity function for selecting neighbors for each target Cook, J., 2015. A six-stage business continuity and disaster recovery planning cycle.SAM Advanced Management Journal,80(3), p.23. Coronel, C. and Morris, S., 2016.Database systems: design, implementation, management. Cengage Learning. Grasselt, M., Maier, A., Mitschang, B., Suhre, O. and Wolfson, C.D., International Business Machines Corporation, 2016.Workflow processing system and method with database system support. U.S. Patent 9,342,572. Gutjahr, G., 2015. Consumer Relationship Management. InMarkenpsychologie(pp. 131-132) Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Hegde, A. and Shetty, S.K., 2015. Collaborative Filtering Recommender System.International Journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology,2(07). item in collaborative filtering.Knowledge-Based Systems,37, pp.146-153. Khodakarami, F. and Chan, Y.E., 2014. Exploring the role of customer relationship management (CRM) systems in customer knowledge creation.Information Management,51(1), pp.27-42. Lusch, R.F. and Vargo, S.L., 2014.The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Newnes. Robillard, M.P., Maalej, W., Walker, R.J. and Zimmermann, T. eds., 2014.Recommendation systems in software engineering. Springer Science Business. Stanton, J.M., 2013. Introduction to data science. Shimomura, Y., Nemoto, Y. and Kimita, K., 2015. A method for analysing conceptual design process of product-service systems.CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,64(1), pp.145-148 Shmueli, G., Patel, N.R. and Bruce, P.C., 2016.Data Mining for Business Analytics: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications with XLMiner. John Wiley Sons. Snedaker, S., 2013.Business continuity and disaster recovery planning for IT professionals. Whitman, M.E., Mattord, H.J. and Green, A., 2013.Principles of incident response and disaster recovery. Cengage Learning.